Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Rawalpindi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.1213Keywords:
Risk factors, Osteoporosis, Tertiary, Care, Hospital, RawalpindiAbstract
Purpose: Osteoporosis is a common health problem all over the world. Loss of bone mass with aging leads to osteoporosis. Different factors affect the bone mass loss and consequencltly osteoporosis prevalence. However, these factors are under-studied in the Pakistan.This study aims to identify the risk factors of osteoporosis among patients in Holy Family Hospital Rawalipindi.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in among 120 diagnosed patients of osteoporosis for six months from April 2021 to September 2021 in a tertiary care hospital of Rawalpindi. Patients were recruited in the study via a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria and non-probability convenient sampling technique. A self-strcutured questionnaire was used to collect data. Before data collection information consent was acquired from all participants. Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were applied.
Findings: Osteoporosis was more prevalent among the patients who had, age group with more than 45years (79.16%), female gender (72.50%), low education level (64.16%), lower socioeconomic status (68.33%), family history of osteoporosis (61.67%), sedentary lifestyle (57.50%), history of corticosteroids therapy (53.33%), no milk use (69.20%), no fresh vegetables and fruits use (80.00%), no inatke of calcium supplements (78.33%), no sunshine exposure (77.50%), and overweight (48.33%). In short, age group with age above 45years, female gender, low education level, lower socioeconomic status, family history of osteoporosis, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, history of use of corticosteroids, no milk use, no intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, no intake of calcium supplements, and no sunshine exposure, all raise the incidence of osteoporosis.
Recommendations: People should take milk, fresh fruits and vegetables, calcium supplements, and sun bath. Furthermore, people should spend active life with proper weight.
Downloads
References
. Pouresmaeili F, Kamalidehghan B, Kamarehei M, Goh YM. A comprehensive overview on osteoporosis and its risk factors. Therapeutics and clinical risk management. 2018;14:2029.
. Chen P, Li Z, Hu Y. Prevalence of osteoporosis in China: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC public health. 2016 Dec;16(1):1-1.
. Wade SW, Strader C, Fitzpatrick LA, Anthony MS, O’Malley CD. Estimating prevalence of osteoporosis: examples from industrialized countries. Archives of osteoporosis. 2014 Dec;9(1):1-0.
. Haris S, Jahan F, Afreen A, Ahmed H, Ahmed Z. To determine the risk factors and prevalence of osteoporosis among adult Pakistani population residing in Karachi using quantitative ultrasound technique. J Community Med Health Educ. 2014;4(4):2-5.
. Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, Lewiecki EM, Tanner B, Randall S, Lindsay R. Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis international. 2014 Oct;25(10):2359-81.
. Kim J, Lee J, Shin JY, Park BJ. Socioeconomic disparities in osteoporosis prevalence: different results in the overall Korean adult population and single-person households. Journal of preventive medicine and public health. 2015 Mar;48(2):84.
. Riancho JA, Brennan-Olsen SL. The epigenome at the crossroad between social factors, inflammation, and osteoporosis risk. Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism. 2017 Jun;15(2):59-68.
. Tański W, Kosiorowska J, Szymańska-Chabowska A. Osteoporosis-risk factors, pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 May 1;25(9):3557-66.
. Kadam N, Chiplonkar S, Khadilkar A, Khadilkar V. Low knowledge of osteoporosis and its risk factors in urban Indian adults from Pune city, India. Public health nutrition. 2019 May;22(7):1292-9.
. Zerzour A, Haddig NE, Derouiche S. Analysis of Osteoporosis risk factors in Menopausal women's of Algeria population. Age (years). 2020 May 7;49(3.733):49-972.
. Zhen D, Liu L, Guan C, Zhao N, Tang X. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among middle-aged and elderly individuals in northwestern China: its relationship to osteoporosis and lifestyle factors. Bone. 2015 Feb 1;71:1-6.
. AjlouniKamel M. Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis among jordanian postmenopausal women attending the national center for diabetes, endocrinology and genetics in Jordan. BioResearch open access. 2017 Jul 1.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
