European Journal of Health Sciences

Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Mental Health Outcomes among Adolescents

Aarar Patel — Sun, 07 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of socioeconomic status on mental health outcomes among adolescents.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: The study highlights a significant relationship between the two factors. Studies suggest that adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are at a heightened risk of experiencing poor mental health outcomes compared to their peers from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. This association is attributed to various interconnected factors, including limited access to quality healthcare services, higher levels of stress due to financial strain, inadequate social support networks, exposure to adverse living conditions, and increased likelihood of experiencing trauma and violence. Adolescents from lower SES backgrounds often face barriers in accessing mental health resources, such as therapy and counseling, which can exacerbate their mental health challenges.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social determinants of health theory, social stress theory and ecological systems theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the impact of socioeconomic status on mental health outcomes among adolescents. Practitioners working with adolescents should implement evidence-based interventions that address the unique challenges faced by socioeconomically disadvantaged youth. Policymakers should prioritize policies that address the structural determinants of socioeconomic disparities and promote equity in access to resources and opportunities.

Influence of Access to Healthcare Services on Health Disparities among Elderly Populations in Europe

Dervishi Hofer — Sun, 07 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of access to healthcare services on health disparities among elderly populations in Europe.

Findings: Access to healthcare services plays a pivotal role in shaping health outcomes among elderly populations, with significant implications for health disparities. Research indicates that disparities in access to healthcare services among the elderly are multifaceted, influenced by socioeconomic status, geographic location, insurance coverage, and cultural factors. Limited access to healthcare services, including preventive care, screenings, and timely medical interventions, often exacerbates existing health disparities among elderly individuals, particularly those from marginalized communities. Studies consistently show that disparities in access to healthcare contribute to higher rates of chronic conditions, increased healthcare costs, and poorer health outcomes among elderly populations.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social determinants of health theory, health behavior theory and Andersen's behavioral model of health services may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the influence of access to healthcare services on health disparities among elderly populations in Europe. Develop and implement targeted interventions aimed at improving health literacy among elderly populations, particularly those facing socio-economic disadvantage. Advocate for policy reforms that address structural inequalities and social determinants of health, such as income inequality, housing instability, and access to transportation.

Effect of Environmental Pollution on Respiratory Health in Urban Areas of Europe

John Brunner — Sun, 07 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of environmental pollution on respiratory health in urban areas of Europe.

Findings: The study yielded that air pollution particularly from traffic emissions and industrial activities, has been strongly linked to respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis. High levels of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) have been consistently associated with increased respiratory symptoms and exacerbations of existing respiratory diseases. Furthermore, long-term exposure to these pollutants has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of respiratory diseases, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental justice theory, social determinants of health theory and ecological systems theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of environmental pollution on respiratory health in urban areas of Europe. Establish robust air quality monitoring networks coupled with health surveillance systems to track pollution levels and respiratory health indicators in real-time. Enact and enforce stringent air quality standards, emission regulations, and zoning ordinances to limit pollution sources, minimize exposure, and protect respiratory health in urban areas.

Association between Dietary Patterns and Obesity Rates in Africa

Crispus Kiyonga — Sun, 07 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the association between dietary patterns and obesity rates in Africa.

Findings: The study suggests that diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins are inversely correlated with obesity prevalence. These patterns, often referred to as "healthy" or "Mediterranean" diets, are associated with lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced risk of obesity-related diseases. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, sugars, and saturated fats exhibit a positive correlation with obesity rates. These "Western" dietary patterns not only contribute to weight gain but also increase the risk of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social-ecological model, health belief model and socioeconomic gradient theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the association between dietary patterns and obesity rates in Africa. Develop culturally tailored interventions targeting specific dietary behaviors and socio-cultural contexts prevalent in different European regions, thereby promoting healthier dietary patterns and reducing obesity rates. Advocate for evidence-based policies promoting healthier food environments, such as taxation on sugary beverages, restrictions on marketing unhealthy foods to children, and subsidies for fruits and vegetables.

Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Cardiovascular Health in Adults

Salome Akinyi — Sun, 07 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between physical activity levels and cardiovascular health in adults.

Findings: The studies indicated that engaging in regular physical activity, such as aerobic exercise, walking, or strength training, is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. Higher levels of physical activity have been linked to improvements in various cardiovascular risk factors, such as lower blood pressure, improved cholesterol levels, reduced body weight, and better glucose control. Moreover, individuals who maintain an active lifestyle tend to exhibit better cardiovascular function, including enhanced heart rate variability and improved endothelial function.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, health belief model and trans theoretical model may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the relationship between physical activity levels and cardiovascular health in adults. Implement evidence-based physical activity interventions tailored to the diverse needs and preferences of European adults. Advocate for the development and implementation of national and regional policies that prioritize physical activity promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention.